Pride and Prejudice Movie Review Essay

1) In 1859, Charles Darwin described a model of how living things change over time. He described this model and the evidence that supported it in a book called On The Origin of Species. Which scientific term is used to describe a testable model that seeks to explain natural phenomena? A) data B) hypothesis C) observation D) theory 2) When an experiment is repeated and the new results are different from the original results, what could you assume to be true? A) The results from both experiments are worthless. B) The first experiment’s results are worthless and should be discarded. C) The experimental design is flawed and the experiment should be discarded. D) Neither test results are 100% reliable and additional experimentation is needed. 3) All of the following EXCEPT the resistance of _________ demonstrate artificially selected resistance. A) beef cattle, to â€Å"shipping fever†, B) many agricultural wheat varieties, to drought and fungus, C) Anatarctic fish to freezi ng, due to antifreeze proteins in their blood, D) many common grasshopper species to pesticides, such as diazinon, sevin, and others, 4) Which fact about fossils is MOST important to scientists who study evolution? A) Fossils are often found in sedimentary rock. B) Footprints, body structures, and even animal droppings can become fossilized. C) The age of a fossil can be determined by examining the rock strata in which the fossil is found. D) The formation of a fossil depends on the geologic and chemical conditions present when an organism dies. 5) According to the fossil record, five ________________took place, which lowered the variety of species found on Earth today. A) mass clonings B) microevolutions C) mass extinctions D) mass revolutions 6) When an experiment is repeated and the new results are different from the original results, what could you assume to be true? A) The first set of results MUST be incorrect and thrown out. B) The second set of results MUST be inaccurate and thrown out. C) The experimental design must be flawed and should be scrapped. D) The original experiment MAY be inaccurate and further experimentation is needed. 7) If an experiment’s results are accurate, when the experiment is repeated by another scientist, the results A) should be similar to those obtained originally. B) will be identical every time the experiment is repeated. C) should be completely different for a different scientist.

Disney vs. Imane Boudlal Essay

Disneyland vs. Imane Boudlal HISTORY Disneyland is very large 160 acre amusement park located in Anaheim CA. Disneyland was created by Walt Disney on July 17, 1955, Walt Disney wanted to create a magical place where parents with children could go to the same place and have just as much fun as their children. Walt Disney had the vision that he wanted Disneyland to be like a fantasy land where dreams could come to life. Disneyland is a 17. 5 million dollar magic kingdom. Even though the park was a very expensive project, â€Å"I could never convince the financiers that Disneyland was feasible, because dreams offer too little collateral† said Walt Disney. Since Disney was a very expensive project, Walt Disney had some support from his own television show on ABC; it was called Walt Disney’s Disneyland. The TV series offered sneak peeks about the future Disneyland project before it was even finished. It took a full year of hard work to finish the project. Disneyland is well-known for having a strict employee dress code called â€Å"the Disney look†. This dress code was introduced to new employees in 1955 prior to the amusement park opening. Disneyland also calls their employees â€Å"cast members† in order to keep the magical theme going. The Disney look has changed over time, but yet also remained true to offering wholesome family entertainment in one of the world’s top vacation destination. To work at Disneyland, the potential cast member must first agree and understand the policy prior to being hired.

Diplomatic Immunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Diplomatic Immunity - Essay Example (Curtis, pp 345-500, 1999) After this whole research, there is one basic phenomenon which is the major reason in setting the country apart from the Central Europe. In Bucharest legal some of the popular brand names are Romania while on the other hand mostly from the USA and UK none of them have any local branch of office. Few popular names among the top 100 global firms includes (Curtis, pp 345-500, 1999) Joerg Menzer once said "There are many strong local based law firms which are most reputable as compare to other firms". (Curtis, pp 345-500, 1999) Due to the improper work of some leading global companies some smaller companies are setting and building up shops and getting and gaining name and fame side by side. This situation is due to the absence of the large markets and due to their improper work. When they are not properly working they will slowly loose their name and with the help of this situation on the other hand many other small companies build up their standard. (Curtis, pp 345-500, 1999) Apart from this situation there are many giant companies which are now working with small global market in order to make their position in the market. They always work with other smaller companies when they are not getting anything from the bigger one. Many companies without having any offices intervene on the market of Romania. Companies like Norton Rose Freshfields and Allen Clifford Chance After working since seven years, the most reputable company linklaters has gained up on the good quality of the personnel. (Bardo, pp74-78, 1998) There are such type of companies which while working with smaller companies for a limited time period gain a lot of praise and reputation which they can't gain when they are working with a good and huge companies. This is the reason that why and how diplomats are now working and gaining money. The most important discussion now a days is the break-Out with the help of international firms. Most of the lawyer wants to solve it by themselves while some wants to carry it with the help of a group work. And this was the reason that by the end of 2006 the lawyers decided to plan a group of 15 members in order to solve this major problem. (Bardo, pp74-78, 1998) Here arises a critical and one of the important question that if the market develops, in return clients will always need more complex and critical services while at present most of the law firms are focusing on the volume. (Bardo, pp74-78, 1998) Diplomats are now working as they are working in any law market. They have now no danger and they are working freely. (Bardo, pp74-78, 1998) The law market is not purely saturated and this is the reason that why most of the lawyers were surprised when they observed the situation

Let's Start Paying College Athletes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Let's Start Paying College Athletes - Essay Example This paper focuses on outlining the colleges should start paying students who participate in sports and the underlying issues within college sports. The author states that National College Athletics Association (N.C.A.A.) is a national college organization that oversees the activities of national athletics in colleges and universities. The reason for the author to mention about N.C.A.A is to emphasize on the fact that the organization is responsible for college sports affairs.N.C.A.A regulates and controls the activities of college and university sports. It is also a non-profit making organization and its main role is to oversee the events involved in college and university sports. Mark Emmert is the president of N.C.A.A. and he is the overall leader and overseer of the college sports in America. He is mentioned by the author due to his contribution in sport. He opposes the issue of paying players significant salaries stating that it would change players to be employees of colleges and universities. He regards himself as a reformer and is known to make some changes in the organization since he became the president of the organization. He is described as a former president of University of Washington (Nocera 1). Emmert claims that students should not be paid since this would act as a way of making students subcontractors for their universities. This would make them employees of universities and the college would not even be interested in their grades but their performance in the sport. He also claims that paying students for their participation in sport would kill college athletics because the involved students would engage in various behaviors due to the payments they get.The author outlines this fact to show how N.C.A.A. is opposed to the idea of paying the players. When the author states about the â€Å"hypocrisy†, he is mainly referring to the action of N.C.A.A. where the organization engages in various

Culture Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Culture Studies - Essay Example More so when they start exploring the sceneries and the attractive spots that can take their breath away. Any traveller would appreciate and enjoy the British culture and lifestyle. Each of the four countries in UK is independent from each other and has its own flag. Citizens from each country have their own accents. The English language spoken in UK is mixed with other foreign languages. This is due to the fact that foreigners have immigrated and settled in UK centuries ago. They travelled to UK, studied, worked and lived there. Some of the languages found in the UK English are Spanish, Arabic, Italian, German and French. At present, the international travellers and foreigners in the United Kingdom are mostly from India, China, other European countries, Somalia and Middle East nations such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and United Arab Emirates. These foreigners enjoyed experiencing and living the lifestyle and culture of Britain which in no time has become engrained in their own feelings an d attitudes as well. This paper is tasked to show the impact to these foreigners, particularly the students from Saudi Arabia, of several factors and culture in UK. The United Kingdom has always been a vanguard when it comes to youth culture even during the Rolling Stones and Beatles era of 1960s (BBC News, 2010). Today, it remains a favourite when it comes to young foreigners looking to get further education like those from Saudi Arabia. There are more than 13,500 international students coming from the Middle East who took their courses for higher education from one of the four countries in the United Kingdom (British Council, 2009), i.e., England, Scotland, Northern Island and Wales. The Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) showed in their 2008 to 2009 records that there are even more, with the five foremost Middle East countries having the highest number of enrolled students in higher education courses in UK, namely, Saudi Arabia with 5,203 students, Iran with 2,849 students , United Arab Emirates with 2,696 students, Turkey with 2,683 students and Kuwait with 1,546 students. HESA further showed that I the same school year, more than 22 thousand students from the GCC region studies in UK with 9,742 of them taking undergraduate courses and 12,266 postgraduate programmes (HESA, 2009). Of the huge number of international students in UK, 14,000 from Saudi Arabia have joined the highly regarded system of education it is famous for (Al Homiady & Al Zayani, 2009). This does not come as a surprise since there has been a strong relationship fostered between UK and Saudi Arabia not only in terms of education but even with their sports, politics and business ties. Yearly, more and more Saudi students travel to UK to gain their higher education from the premier universities found in UK’s four countries. In fact, Saudi nationals travel to the United Kingdom more than any other country in Europe. Conversely, while Saudis visit, study and live in UK, numerous B ritish people have in turn chosen Saudi Arabia to work in or even live in permanently. They are quite confident of the Saudi government providing them a safety system that will ensure their security and well-being. There is also a bountiful offering of a wide selection of extra-curricular activities offered in the colleges they enter. To top it all off, they will be experiencing in their stay the

Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Policy - Essay Example I believe that I can cause change since my contribution to the greater cause might influence other people to join and fight for the cause. Through activism, an individual will feel empowered to contribute in doing something to change the situation for the better, which is likely to lead to the realization of some of the changes needed. The citizenry, media, as well as nurses are responsible for advocacy, lobbying, and activism since they are in a position to explore some of the best ways that can shape policies that target them. For the citizens that require improved health care, they can be able to lobby for their cause through a number of channels that might be inclusive of representations to the policy makers or through political figures (Ensign, 2012). This might also be the case for the nurses. Nurses should be involved in politics for a number of reasons. Some of the reasons include the fact that nurses have the knowledge of advocacy at the level of the individual patient, and for this reason, they are in a better position to defend the image of their patients (Dolliinger, 2013). On the other hand, since nurses work within the socio-political sphere of health, they aware of public policies that affect the health sector, which indicates that they are in a good position to advocate for the implementation of good policy provisions (Ensign,

Mid-term Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mid-term Paper - Essay Example This way of conceptualization of the past is has increasingly been used in a number of field sciences such as geology and biology. In archaeology, uniformitarianism is one of the major concepts that have always been widely used to conceptualize the past. For example, many archaeologists believe that the contemporary natural laws and other processes in the universe have always operated in the past as they are today. Uniformitarianism is a theory on the gentle, natural progressions that were experimental on the landscape. It suggested that ice could corrode rocks and sediments as well could accrue and form various new terrestrial land forms in the earth (David, 341). Consequently uniformitarianism is currently widely used as the key principle in a number of fields of sciences such as geology and archaeology. The other ways that have widely been used to conceptualize the past include catostrophism, transmutation and gradualism. Tthe concept of gradualism as used in archaeology is based on the theory that gradual changes occur over time. The theory of uniformitarianism particularly suggested that landscape development occurred over long periods of time as a result of a number of gradual geomorphic and geologic processes. It shows that the present is the key to the past and it was a direct denunciation to the predominant philosophy of the time, catastrophism which held that only violent adversities could adjust the outward of the world. Generally the concepts of uniformitarianism, gradualism, and catostrophism among others have widely been used not only to conceptualize the past but also to help understand the important geological processes that have occurred in the universe and how such processes have influenced events (Baker, 243). Time plays a significant role in all the three concepts and archaeologists have discovered a number of pieces of evidence to support some of these ideas and concepts. How uniformitarianism is used in the conceptualization of the past Ge ologists, Historians and archaeologists often study the remains of the past gologic activity as well as the records of the ancient human civilizations to provide evidence of the specific time and of such activities in history. The concept of uniformitarianism has been widely used by scientists not only to help in the reconstruction of the history of the earth but also to create a timeline of events throughout the history. According to Browman and Douglas (88), black rocks with porous surfaces can be used by geologists as an evidence of the past events. It is however worth noticing that although the idea that there are uniform laws governing the processes of nature, it is often difficult to prove beyond uncertainty what actually took place in the past. In archaeology, the concept of uniformitarianism is rather a process of making an educated guess based on objective and observational evidence found in the material remains. Today, many archaeologists suggest the continuing uniformity of the universal processes can be used as a framework to understand how landforms and some aspects of nature come to be. This is particularly based on the assumption that the processes currently taking place are the same processes that actually took

Fraud in the AIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fraud in the AIS - Essay Example The risks and threats are clearly seen in the case of WorldCom (Beltran, 2002). WorldCom was a telecommunication company founded in the year 1983. The company became so successful to the point where its stock price went up the peak, making the CEO, Bernard Ebbers, one of the richest men in the United States. The company continued with its expansion strategies by acquiring more companies. It was seen as one of the success stories in the business world in the 1990s (Fernando, 2009). In the year 2002, the company announced that it had used an improper accounting method that resulted to an overstatement in earnings in 2001and during the first quarter of the year 2002 by more than $3.8 billion. As a result, in 2002 the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, which was the largest filing in the history of the United States. It has $41 billion debt load and $107 billion in assets, making the bankruptcy even larger than that of Enron Corporation. The company had to lay off about a fifth of its employees in an effort to stay in business. Investigations showed that the accounting maneuver was exposed by the internal auditor in WorldCom. One of the main discoveries was on the company’s revenue expenditure that had been treated as capital expenditure. It resulted to an overstatement of the profits by $3.8 billion. As a result, the company’s external auditors, Arthur Andersen LLP released a statement stating that it acted according to the professional standards and that the internal audit could not be relied on in relations to the accounting manipulations. Arthur Anderson had acted in collusion with top management at WorldCom to falsify the company’s profits with the aim of increasing its stocks. The company’s audit committee, in turn, replaced Arthur Andersen LLP with KPMG to further investigate the matter.  

The Ethnography of Anthropology Essay Example for Free

The Ethnography of Anthropology Essay As with the study of any anthropological culture, with ethnography there are no set methods for documenting that culture or human societies, but much can be said about the methods of attempting to understand a culture by investigating how, exactly, that culture is unique. This tact can take the form of looking into a society’s housing conditions, how they raise their children, how they are educated, what types of religions they may follow, and even how they might bury their dead. In this, ethnographic studies have virtually taken the form of historical case studies—placing a culture down on paper as if the writer were there and intimately understood the culture. With that said, a look will now be taken into a few of the major ethnographies and the methods of the anthropologists that conduct the research within them. It has been said that a degree in anthropology would not be complete without an understanding of ethnographic research and the art of defining a culture down to its smallest and most fundamental aspects. From that ideal, the study of ethnography branched into an understanding of cultural mores (more than studying how and why people bury their dead), and a look was taken into how a society might communicate (both verbally and nonverbally). For example, if an ethnographer were to study high school students of the twenty-first century, they might notice that the cell phone forms the lifeline of communication among the young in society, and from it, an entirely new language of the â€Å"instant message† was formed—a language that most modern day â€Å"elders† do not comprehend or understand. In this, an ethnographer might note the disconnect between the young and the old in America today. And that, in its most basic form, is the basis for ethnographic research and just one method for employing ethnography to study a culture. Now, a look will now be taken into a few of the anthropologists that were essential for the major ethnographies along with a comparison of their research methods, successes, and failures. To begin with, Annette B. Weiner wrote â€Å"The Trobrianders of Papua New Guinea† as an ethnographic study of the relationships between man and woman and their differing perspectives (and courting rituals) including a somewhat feminist approach on the value of a woman and her work within their society. In 1990, Weiner’s ethnographic work was made into a documentary which focused â€Å"on [unexpected] Trobriand social practices – female exchange, mourning practices, cricket, magic, competition between male chiefs, marriage, Christianity on the island – to provide a picture of modern Trobriand society† (Alexy, 2002, par. 1). When Weiner began her research of the Trobriand culture, she â€Å"had planned to research tourism and local crafts† (par. 2), while instead she found herself drawn into â€Å"explicit and overwhelming female exchange†¦ a ritual mourning ceremony directed by women† (par. 2). In Weiner’s studies, her research also reveals â€Å"other dimensions of Trobriand society beyond these ritual exchanges† (par. 4 ). In this, Weiner’s ethnography goes beyond the traditional mode of one aspect of the culture and instead encompasses a vast amount of the societal mores of the Trobriand. Her failings, if there are any, can be defined by the purely feminine approach to her studies, as even the documentary is filmed from the female perspective, which, ultimately, excludes a great deal of the male perspective and culture from her ethnography. Sharon Graham Davies wrote â€Å"Challenging Gender Norms: Five Genders among the Bugis in Indonesia† as a case study in cultural anthropology to demonstrate the larger value of multiple genders within the society of Sulawesi, on the Indonesian Island versus the two genders that most societies recognize. Essentially, there is the traditional male and female, and then the Bugis also encompass and recognize the androgynous Shaman, and the male and female transgendered (including gay and lesbian) within their society. For their part, the Bugis can be seen as a liberal New York City melting pot of genders, without judgment, and without shame for their chosen paths in life. Davies, in her ethnology, represents a new theory on the ideal of gender and the social mores founded within each, enlightening the subject of challenging traditional gender mores. Further, Davies refers to their gender choices as just that, â€Å"gender negotiations† (Davies, 2001, par. 3) in which both male and female â€Å"to conform to [the] ideals† (par. 3). of most modern societies. More, Davies explained of her work that she refers to â€Å"hir and s/he to challenge readers to [imagine] a subjectivity beyond the dichotomous her/his, she/he. The use of hir further signifies the possibility of a third gender not contingent on crossing from one normative gender to the other. Moreover, neither the Indonesian nor Bugis languages discriminate between gender† (Davies, 2001, endnotes). In this effort, Davies is attempting to define, categorically, the gender difference and non-discrimination that the Indonesian people show. As a gender/sexuality ethnologist, Davies’ research methods seem to comprise the study of the hierarchy within the society and the impact and effect of a chosen gender. Her fundamental stance included the major roles and duties of women, especially, and she defines how â€Å"the hierarchical order of a woman’s duties shows that only after a woman has married and produced children is it her duty to be a member of society. Indeed women may not be considered adults until they have married heterosexually† (Davies, 2001, par. 13). In this, perhaps, the failings of Davies, like Annette Weiner, can be blamed upon her feminist approach to her ethnology of the Bugis and their gender relationships. While her research does encompass the duties and roles of men as well, her main focus is upon the objectification of women and the shocking hierarchal implications (indeed there is some judgment, even in within the Bugis) of their chosen gender identities. Colin M. Turnbull wrote â€Å"The Mbuti Pygmies: Change and Adaptation† as a case study in cultural anthropology of the Mbuti pygmy hunter/gatherers of Zaire. His ethnology focuses on the social organization and environmental tasks and objectives of the pygmies in correlation to their relationship with their non-hunter/gatherer neighboring villages. Turnbull’s work is purely a historical outline of the location and social structure of the Mbuti pygmies in which he notes their settlement location, languages, hunting party structures, and hunting party jobs, like archer, spearman, etc (Martin, n. d. , par. 2). Turnbull discovered that â€Å"only political identity they have is in opposition to the village cultivators† (Martin, n. d. , par. 4) and the â€Å"relationship between the Mbuti and the villagers is maintained on several different levels, centering around trade† (par. 9). In this, Turnbull’s ethnography is highly focused upon one essential aspect of the Mbuti tribes. He does not go any deeper into their culture than trade and hunting, and little is mentioned about social relationships of women within the tribe itself. Indeed, like other ethnographers, Turnbull’s focused approach could be seen as a failing in that there is obviously much more to the Mbuti tribe than their hunting techniques and trade relationships. However, while there must be much more required to understand the Mbuti culture and people, Turnbull’s anthropological research shows, as a case study, and important and driving aspect of the culture. Evon Z. Vogt wrote â€Å"The Zinacantecos of Mexico: A Modern Maya Way of Life† as an ethnographic case study on the life, rituals, economics, and reproduction in Zinacantan. The main focus of his ethnography, however, is the Zinacanteco belief system and how their beliefs serve as the philosophy for their lives and rituals. Of the ethnographers, Vogt is one of the few to spend time in his documentary to relate his various field work methods and explanations. More, Vogt goes deeper into the Zinacantan society, remarking on the food that they eat and the clothing that they wear explaining that â€Å"virtually all women know how to weave the full range of clothing in the normal Zinacanteco costume; but a few items, like ceremonial clothing and the intricate blouses presented to godchildren, are often produced by specialists within the community† (Cancian, 1972, 14). Indeed, Vogt provides an incredibly detailed account of the Zinacanteco way of life, surveying it as closely and as in-depth as if he had lived within the culture since birth. In this, Vogt’s account seems personal and literally every aspect of the society and culture seems accounted for. While he spends a great deal of his ethnographic survey on the belief system, it can be seen from his studies that the religious ways and methods are the driving force for the Zinacanteco and that the most important aspect has been thoroughly covered. Finally, William F. Wormsley wrote â€Å"The White Man will Eat You! An Anthropologist among the Imbonggu of New Guinea† as a case study into the cultural and social structure of the Imbonggu’s, which includes such aspects as leadership, marital obligations, and even magic and religion. Wormsley is the most unique of the major ethnographers because he spends time focusing on the truth of documenting a tribe, and the reactions, emotions, and ideals of the anthropologist himself while attempting such an ethnographic study. Mostly, Wormsley’s work stands out among the rest because of his personal immersion in the culture and society. While the other ethnographers, especially Annette Weiner, documented their studies with a point of view, their attempts were to show the cultures and societies without much interaction, to show the society in its cultural bubble without outside influences and distractions. While Wormsley doesn’t impede the culture he is studying by inserting himself into the historical commentary, his immersion impacts a reader into understanding the trials and tribulations from the ethnographer’s point of view, and that makes for a unique and interesting read. Overall, William F. Wormsley, Evon Z. Vogt, Colin M. Turnbull, Sharon Graham Davies, and Annette B. Weiner are among the foremost ethnographers in the study of cultural and sexual anthropology. While their research has proven to be limited in the nature of what they encompass, all highlight the fields within their chosen cultures that they intended. And of them, Wormsley stands out as the ethnographer most immersed in his ethnographic study as he detailed the life and means of his own documentary. References. Alexy, A. (2002). Viewing notes for â€Å"The Trobriand Islanders of Papua New Guinea. † Accessed July 17, 2009 http://classes. yale. edu/03-04/anth500b/viewing_notes/VN_Trobriand-Islanders. htm Cancian, F. (1972). Change and Uncertainty in a Peasant Economy: The Maya Corn Farmers of Zinacantan. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP. Davies, S. G. (2001). Negotiating gender: Calalai’ in Bugis society. Intersections: Gender, History, and Culture in Asian Context 6, Accessed 17 July 2009 http://intersections. anu. edu. au/issue6/graham. html Davies, S. G. (2006). Challenging gender norms: five genders among Bugis in Indonesia. Florence, KY: Wadsworth Publishing. Martin, M. M. (n. d. ). Society: Pygmies, Mbuti. Accessed July 14 2009 http://lucy. ukc. ac. uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture. 7865 Turnbull, C. M. (1983). The Mbuti Pygmies: Change and Adaptation. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Vogt, E. Z. (1990). The Zinacantecos of Mexico: A Modern Maya Way of Life. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Weiner, A. B. (1988). The Trobrianders of Papua New Guinea. New York: New York UP. Wormsley, W. E. (2002). The White Man will Eat You! An Anthropologist among the Imbonggu of New Guinea. Florence, KY: Wadsworth Publishing Co.

Artificial Intelligence in the Near Future Essay Example for Free

Artificial Intelligence in the Near Future Essay Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have a bunch of robots do everything for you? Cook, clean, run errands, maybe even take care of the children and animals. That sounds like a pretty easy life. What would you do though if they all turned on you; suddenly your easy life was made more difficult than before. There are two sides to Artificial Intelligence, much like there are two sides to every person. There is a lot to take in when talking about Artificial Intelligence, such as what it means, how it started, advantages, disadvantages, things that use artificial Intelligence, how do other people feel about it, how do you feel about it, and many other questions. So what is Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence is considered the development of machines such as robots and security systems that do the jobs of humans. They are also able to understand human speech. With this being said in the future robots will be able to do everything humans can, if not better. Things that use Artificial Intelligence will be programmed to response to voices, either any voice that speak to it, or only certain ones. Systems that can only open to a certain voice are most likely going to be used for government work, while ones that open to any can be used for everyday things. In 1963 Konrad Zuse invented the Z1 computer. This computer was the first computer that was freely programmable. 1942 John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry Created the ABC Computer, twenty years later Steve Russell and MIT invent the Spacewar computer game, which was the first computer game on record. By 1973 Robert Metcalfe and Xerox were able to come up with computer networking. Eleven years after that in 1984 Apple invented the Macintosh Computer, which was the first affordable desktop computer to be in homes. In 1949, between the ABC Computer and the first computer networking advancement in computer theory lead to computer science, and eventually Artificial Intelligence. After networking came about AI (Artificial Intelligence) became possible. Norbert Wiener was the first American to make the observation between human intelligence and machine, this happened back in 1950. Even though Norbert made the connection John McCarthy was consider the father of AI, because he put together many conferences to get AI up and working. This took seven years. Finally the Thermostat was consider the first AI because it could control the temperature in the room, it was able to notice if the room was to hot or too cold, and adjust it to your liking. Then in 1955 The Logic Theorist was developed by Newell and Simon, and consider to be the first AI computer program. BY 1960 it was predicted that by 1985 AI would be doing the job of humans (Kurweil 69) Fast forwarding to the present AI has skyrocketed. There are vacuums that all you have to do is press the power button and it does everything on its own there is no need for you to do any of the work. GPS are also a great invention, put one in your car, or type on your phone and it can tell you how to get where you need to be, as well as find shorter routes, non toll roads, as well as avoiding accidents or back up traffic, you can even put in if you are walking or riding a bike. Smart phones have made lives easier as well. There is so much you can do with them, from checking bank account to putting in reminders, and some things are even voice activated. ATT Bell Laboratories may be the single most active telecommunications body working in Artificial Intelligence. Now if you want to have some fun with an AI, Cleverbot is the way to go. Cleverbot is a computer system that you can talk to, it’s doesn’t always have the nicest things to say, or even make sense but it is fun to play around with. The most recent thing to come of age is a car that drives itself, and is able to tell the difference between people who are walking and those on bikes. In 2004 the Company named Topix was founded by Sun Microsystems and Netscape engineers Tom Markson, Bryan Dole, and Bob Truel. This company created artificial intelligence algorithms to monitor news from more than 50,000 sources. They later added user-generated capabilities allowing site visitors to share, edit, and discuss news. Having an item that is an AI has its advantages. For starters it would make for safer work places. Some work places have jobs with low oxygen, radioactive elements or even poor weather conditions, if we have robot working in those environment instead of human, many lives could be saved. Even jobs that keep families apart would be at an all time low. NASA and the Military would also have more advance weapons. They would be able to notice and destroy other countries harmful weapons and keep us safer. Also if we had robots and other types of machines that do not need to rest or eat, they could work around the clock on finding a cure for cancer, and ending world hunger. Instead of sending our men and woman to foreign countries were they are bombed and shot at, we could send AI machines. Most of all there would be less error in the work place. Many places already use machine to do things because they can better measure out the right amount of equipment. There is a downside to using AI as well. With the rise of robots taking over jobs it means people will be replaced. The unemployment rate will go up, less people will get the help they need because too many people will need assistants, and laziness in humans will reach an all time high. Without having to go anywhere or do anything that will leave people to sit and watch TV all day. With jobs being taken away, younger generations will be at a disadvantage because they will not know what it is like to â€Å"earn a buck†. As AI grows they will be collecting all kinds of information, too much knowledge for one being is not a good thing, they might end up thinking they are smarter than us, and go haywire causing more problems. Not to mention if the wrong people get their hands on it they could misuse it. Most of all though it will be pricey. Meaning the people will have higher taxes to pay, and with robots doing all the work with money we just don’t have. When it comes to artificial intelligence my thoughts on it are 50/50. While I think it would be great to have extra help in work places or around the home, as well as not having to put so many people in danger just to get a job done I myself would not want to lose my job. I feel that if we use artificial intelligence for the good of others and not just to make things easier then we should do fine, but we must be careful that it does not fall into the wrong hands. After taking a survey of ten men and ten woman ranging from the ages twenty to forty, asking them if they think artificial intelligence would be a good use for the future, the result were as followed: five said yes, five said no, 3 were unsure, and seven think it would be both good and bad. In the twenty age group most were unsure though those who chose both were close behind, yes and no’s were equal. In the age group of thirty there were no yes’s or unsure, those who chose no were beaten out by those who chose both. In the forty age rang there were no unsure, those who chose both and no’s were equal as the yes’s beat them out. So it would seem the younger you are the more you are not sure, and the older you are the more you would like it to happen. I asked the people that I surveyed why they picked the answer they did. For those who said No, most of them said it was because they wouldn’t want to lose their job, while other worry about the system outsmarting us and causing a lot of damage and problems, pulse they have no moral judgment, compassion or other human emotions. Those who said yes were looking forward to work being easier, decision making would be easier and not put as much pressure on the person in charge. One of the people who said yes had this to say â€Å"Yes they could rescue a child from a burning building without getting hurt†¦83 Firefighters died last year while attempting to stop fires. That number would be zero if we had AI in the sense of I, Robot. Thats just one example but the implications are innumerable. Would you rather have a robot that never fatigues or gets distracted do surgery on your brain or a surgeon that may have had a late night or may have a difficult personal issue on his mind, like a divorce? (J.s).Those who choose both thought that it should be allowed, but with limits. Everyone has questions when it comes to AI. The one that seems to be worried about the most though is â€Å"will laws change, or will there be different laws for AI? People are worried that they will have to learn a new set of laws. If by chance there are different laws for AI beings will they be just as fair as ours? Or will they have more privileges? There is so much information out there when it comes to AI that it can be hard to keep up with. Now that you know what AI is, how it started, things that use it, advantages and disadvantages, my thoughts, other peoples thoughts and questions that are asked you have a good head start on learning more. What you find may surprise you and enlighten you, but nevertheless it is very interesting. One last piece of advice I would give to anyone, is since AI can be used for good or bad, watch whose hands it falls into.

Overview of Race Conflict Theories

Overview of Race Conflict Theories Placid Tankie Race is a term that can be defined using many different ways within the society. In the United States of America, for example, research indicates that white people looks black people as having a darker skin color than black people normally have (Hills, 2002). In addition, the meaning and importance of race does not only varies from place to place, but also changes over time. For example, today, the Census Bureau allows people to describe themselves using different racial category which include six single race options and fifty-seven multiracial categories (U.S. Census Bureau 2012). People can classify each another racially based on their physical characteristics such as skin color, facial structures, body structures, and hair texture. George Riter (2003), define race as a socially constructed category of people who share a common biologically traits that member of a society consider important. According to Loveman (1999), in her article titled IsRaceEssential? outline Eduardo Bonilla-Silva ideology and explanation about the limitations on the study of racial phenomena. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva showed that racial phenomena can be better understood if it is considered as a structural theory of racism. According Loveman (1999), Eduardo Bonilla-Silva identified several limitations of the existing approaches toward racial phenomena including the narrow way racism was considered by sociologists as opposed to systematic and rational, contemporary structure, both overt and covert behavior. The article also stipulates that Eduardo Bonilla-Silva believes that the structural theory of racism based on the concept of radicalized social system can be used to overcome the limitations of racial phenomena in order to improve the understanding of the causes, mechanism, and consequences of racial phenomena. According to Loveman (1999), Eduardo Bonilla-Silva concept of improving the understandin g of racial phenomena was based on confounding categories, reifying race, and analytical distinction between race and ethnicity. In addition, Loveman (1999) demonstrated in her work that the theoretical frame work proposed by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva in order to improve the understanding of the meaning of race and the consequences of racism related to the structural theory of racism was undermined by the different concepts Eduardo Bonilla-Silva used. These include: confounding categories, reifying race, and analytical distinction between race and ethnicity. Loveman (1999) and other sociologists agree with Eduardo Bonilla-Silva about the importance of improving our understanding on racial phenomena, but argued that his structural theory of racism was not the best analytical frame work for understanding the meaning of race and its consequences on the society. Furthermore, these sociologists demonstrated that in order to understand how race shape social relation in the society, race should not be considered as a category of analysis, but race should focus on the processes of boundary construction, maintenance, and d ecline which is a comparative sociology of group making that was built on Weberian concept of social closure (Loveman, 1999). More ever, the view of Eduardo Bonilla-Silva on racial phenomena was supported by other researchers such as Omi and Winant. These two sociologists defended the ontological condition of race based on the circular definitions and essentialist reasoning. In addition, their argument for a distinction between race and ethnicity was based on a particular reading of U.S. history rather than on any analytical foundation. Furthermore, Omi, Winant, and Eduardo Bonilla-Silva never define racial category without referencing to race. Mean while Loveman (1999) and other sociologists like Wacquant argued that this analytical pitfall of referencing to race in the definition of racial category can be avoided successfully by considering race as a category of analysis in order to gain analytical study of race as a category of practice.Adopting this analytical frame work which focus on the processes of group making and categorization of essentializing schemas. Generally, one can explore to what extent a particular essentializing vocabulary is related to a particular form of social closure and its consequences. Therefore, it becomes a question to what extent, systems of classification, stratification, and social injustices can be supported by ideas that race can be distinct from those informed by a discourse of ethnicity or nationality (Loveman, 1999). Again, conflict of race occurs when the majority group of the society feels that the different cultures, morals, and values of the minority group causes deviance to the society. The conflict perspective is a frame work for building theory that looks society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and changes. The race-conflict theory sees the society as an inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories. The race-conflict theory is in accordance with the content of race because it highlights how race factors are linked to inequality in terms of several factors such as education, power, money, and social prestige. For example, the United States of America, which has people from different countries worldwide, is considered as the land of opportunity and freedom, and it is also a country that is considered notorious for racial discrimination. From the beginning of this country, just like men have power over women, white people have numerous adv antages over people of color, including higher income, more schooling, better health and longer life expectancy. Racism has been one of the most important issues that the society have been facing and fighting for the past decades. Currently, racism has declined, but it is still an important issue that needs to be addresses always. Although removing racism from the world will caused a lot of sacrifices and suffering, I hope that people will be able to overcome racism, and live in a world where they do not care about an individual skin color or nationality. References Hill, Mark E. Race of the Interviewer and Perception of the Skin Color: Evidence from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality. American Sociology Review. Vol. 67, No.1 (Februrary 2002): 99-108. Loveman, Mara. Is Race Essential? America Sociological Review: Vol. 64, No.6 (December 1990): 890-98. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Employment Statistics. National Occupation Employment and Wage Estimate. 2012. Available at http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm

Effective Airline Security Measures Are Overdue Essays -- Essays Paper

Effective Airline Security Measures Are Overdue As far back as 1955, terrorist threats against the airline industry have jeopardized the safety and security of airline passengers. This paper chronologically describes some of the events that caused preventive measures to be proposed and in fewer cases implemented. The fact that there is a terrorist threat against our nation’s airline industry has not changed, but the methods that these radicals employ to bring harm to travelers has grown much more sophisticated. The techniques in use by the government and the airline industry to prevent a catastrophic event have not kept pace. As the events of September 11th unfolded, it became obvious that the havoc a well-planned terrorist attack could wreak on a nation, or even the world had been taken to a new level. Nothing these terrorists did was novel, yet the idea of a well-coordinated attack using commercial aircraft as weapons of destruction was completely new. Now, as the images of hijacked airplanes plowing into the World Trade Center are still fresh in our minds, we must take full advantage of the emotion and will of the people as well as technology to bring effective airline security measures in line with current and future threats. Effective Airline Security Measures Are Overdue. How long does it take the United States to counter a threat to commercial aviation? In the case of a bomb stowed in luggage in the belly of an airliner, the answer is nearly half a century†¦and counting. In 1955, a man placed a bomb in his mother's suitcase and blew up a United Airlines flight over Colorado (Rohrlich 2001). Although not recognized at the time, this was the beginning of a new form of terrorism, a new crisis for our nation to face. This crisis was crystallized on March 9, 1972, as a jetliner took off from JFK bound for Los Angeles. Moments into the flight, an anonymous caller stated that there was a bomb on board that flight. The plane immediately returned to JFK and passengers were evacuated. A bomb-sniffing dog detected an explosives device just 12 minutes before it was set to detonate (Federal Aviation Administration, 2001). Seven months later, the Department of Transportation created the K-9 Explosives Detection Team Program (Federal Aviation Administration, 2001). This was the first widespread measure taken to combat the threat of blowing up commercial a... ... opposed to making the humans look at all luggage and each passenger individually. References Cohen, L., Barens, M. (2001, September 13). Checkpoint screeners weak link in system. Retrieved December 3, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-01-09130336sep13.story Dunn, R. (2001, September 26). Reinforced cabins, armed guards: the El AL model. Retrieved December 3, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.smh.com.au/news/0109/26/world.html Federal Aviation Administration (November 24, 2001). External Security. Retrieved November 24, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://cas.faa.gov.edtp.html Hiltzik, M., Willman, D., (2001, September 23). How did U.S. Airport Security Break Down. Retrieved December 3, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-092301 airsec.story Murphy, D., & Brinkley J. (2001, September). Rethinking Airport Security. Retrieved December 3, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://.nytimes.com/2001/09/19/nyregion/19airp.html Rohrlich, T. (2001, November 5). A Gap in Aviation Security. Retrieved November 25, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://latimes.com/new/nationworld/nation.html

The Death of Communism Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Death of Communism The United States longest and bloodiest war was the Vietnam War, which was fought from 1959 until 1975.(Communist Manifesto 1) In this war 57,685 Americans were killed, and their were over 2 million Vietnamese deaths.(Communist Manifesto 3) One of the main causes of the war was a commonly held American belief called the Domino Theory. This theory stated that if the U.S. allowed one country to fall to communism, those around it would fall, and then those around it, eventually taking over the whole world. However, the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 allows to approach communism in a new light. The Communist Manifesto has three sections. The first is an outline of the history of the bourgeois and the proletariat, and a explanation on how the bourgeoisà ­ will bring about their defeat. The second section shows the framework of the communist goals, and their long range plan to abolish private property. The last section criticizes other socialist attempts at the time, calling all workers to unite under communism. The bourgeois Marx speaks of in the manifesto is simply the capitalist of the time. The proletariat are the workers of the world, people who, according to Marx, have "[become] an appendage of the machine."(Marx 3) Marx speaks of their horrible fate saying "they are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine, by the overlooker, and, above all, by the individual bourgeois manufacturer himself."(Marx 3) Marx documents the stages of the proletariatà ­s struggle with the bourgeois: "at first the contest is carried on by individual laborers, then by the workpeople of a factory, then the operatives of one trade, in one locality, against the bourgeois that directly exploits them."(Marx 4) Marx tells ho... ...e Vietnam war rages on. Bloodshed and military advances ground to a halt decades ago, but the real battle lies in creating a Vietnam that can lift itself out of poverty. The war succeeded more in pushing the country deeper into communism than pulling it out. But the outcome is a forgone conclusion: an ideology that no longer fits with the times will not stand. Ask Mother Russia. Works Cited "Communist Manifesto," MicrosoftÆ EncartaÆ 96 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. (c) Funk & Wagnalls Corporation. All rights reserved. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. "The Communist Manifesto." http: //leftside.uwc.ac.za/Archives/1848-CM/cm.html (25 June 1997). "Vietnam War," MicrosoftÆ EncartaÆ 96 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. (c) Funk & Wagnalls Corporation. All rights reserved.